American Indian:
1. History:
Lived in hunter-gathering societies.
Told their history through oral tradition.
2. Indian removal act:
Signed into law by President Andrew Jackson.
Few tribes left peacefully.
Cherokees were forced out.
4,000 Cherokees died and they traveled by foot, horse, wagon or steamboat.
** Instead of living in the South, they migrated to the West.
3. Government:
Tribal governments.
Still citizens of the USA.
Some laws differ from state laws.
The Dawes Act - 1877 to 1933
- Converting to Christianity
- Speaking English
4. Education:
Today, Bureau of Indian Education - 41,051 Indian Americans
5. Colleges founded for higher education of Indian Americans
- Dartmouth College
- Harvard University
- Yale University
6. Classroom:
- Movement
- Adventure
- Challenging classwork
- Exploration
- Hands on learning
- Do not enjoy lectures
- Live in their cultures
- Holistic approach
- Naturalism
7. Students:
Do not appreciate being called Indians.
Do not give quick responses.
Do not being discussed only during Thanksgiving.
They are less verbal than other cultures.
They like demonstrations and taking it all in.
8. Economy:
Earn below poverty wages.
Make money off of tourism (casinos).
Make money from natural resources.
4 - 8 out of 10 adults are unemployed.
Many do not have health insurance.
9. Traditions & Customs:
Dance
Pottery
Belie in the Great Spirit (GOD)
Potlatch
Jewelry
Legends
Healing
Natural medicine
10. Family Life:
Children are not to talk back, be rude, or belittle.
Emphasis on childhood.
Look to spirits for different occasions.
Families live in harmony.
Spirituality is important as well as listening and learning.
Hispanics, Latinos, and Spanish Speakers
1. Similarities:
Haitians
1. History - After growing into a stronger nation, Haiti was the most densely populated nation in the Western Hemisphere. Tourism was stopped here because of an AIDs epidemic. This caused a rise in unemployment because tourists stopped coming.
2. September 2004 - Hurricane Jeanne hit and killed over 2,400 people. After this, the government had no control over the country. August /September 2008, various storms and hurricanes killed 800 people. January 2010 - Haiti was hit with an extreme earthquake that killed 300,000 people. It affected over 3 million Haitians.
3. Family - Marriage is expected among elite and middle classes. Marriage can happen after a man and woman have their first child. Living on or near families land is expected.
4. Economy - Free market economy with many disadvantages such as poverty, corruption and poor access to education. Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere and over 80% of its population lie under the poverty line.
5. Immigration - Haitians have triumphed over incredible odds to reach the U.S. Parents make it to the U.S. and send money home for their children's education (though it is sometimes misused)
6. Government - Republic with elected government; after Earthquake, their Parliament collapsed and the United States mission was destroyed.
7. Education - Country with an adult literacy rate of 50%. School system deals with crowdedness, poor management, precarious physical conditions and little teacher training. After the earthquake, three million students' educations were either halted or disrupted.
8. Education - The government has implemented strategies and priorities in schools.
1. increasing enrollment of primary school children
2. improving quality
3. reducing the number of students in classrooms
9. Solutions - teacher salary support, teacher training, tuition vouchers, school feeding, 'safe school' construction and rehabilitation
10. Traditions and Customs -
- Voodoo: honoring the dead, healing the sick, asking for spiritual advice
- Carnival: involves parades, costumes, local music and dancing
- Rara: is considered a peasant carnival, musicians play vaskins and it refers to dance and music
- Hybrid Artistic traditions: paintings and sculptures feature naive styles and reflect Tainos culture. Bright cultures add humor to these paintings.
Muslims, Islams & Speakers of Arabic
1. History:
Lived in hunter-gathering societies.
Told their history through oral tradition.
2. Indian removal act:
Signed into law by President Andrew Jackson.
Few tribes left peacefully.
Cherokees were forced out.
4,000 Cherokees died and they traveled by foot, horse, wagon or steamboat.
** Instead of living in the South, they migrated to the West.
3. Government:
Tribal governments.
Still citizens of the USA.
Some laws differ from state laws.
The Dawes Act - 1877 to 1933
- Converting to Christianity
- Speaking English
4. Education:
Today, Bureau of Indian Education - 41,051 Indian Americans
5. Colleges founded for higher education of Indian Americans
- Dartmouth College
- Harvard University
- Yale University
6. Classroom:
- Movement
- Adventure
- Challenging classwork
- Exploration
- Hands on learning
- Do not enjoy lectures
- Live in their cultures
- Holistic approach
- Naturalism
7. Students:
Do not appreciate being called Indians.
Do not give quick responses.
Do not being discussed only during Thanksgiving.
They are less verbal than other cultures.
They like demonstrations and taking it all in.
8. Economy:
Earn below poverty wages.
Make money off of tourism (casinos).
Make money from natural resources.
4 - 8 out of 10 adults are unemployed.
Many do not have health insurance.
9. Traditions & Customs:
Dance
Pottery
Belie in the Great Spirit (GOD)
Potlatch
Jewelry
Legends
Healing
Natural medicine
10. Family Life:
Children are not to talk back, be rude, or belittle.
Emphasis on childhood.
Look to spirits for different occasions.
Families live in harmony.
Spirituality is important as well as listening and learning.
Hispanics, Latinos, and Spanish Speakers
1. Similarities:
They all speak Spanish.
Values-Importance and interdependence of family.
Importance of religion and spirituality.
Love and importance of children.
Formalities of etiquette.
Hope and faith in a better future.
Independence's is not seen as positive value.
2. Differences:
Food
Dialects
Interactions
Attitudes
3. Website:
scholastic.com/activities/hispanic/map.html
4. 1490-1502: Cuba DP PR CA for Spain
5. 52 million estimated population of Hispanics in the US
California has 14 million Hispanics
Texas has 9.5 million Hispanics
Florida is the 4.2 million Hispanics
Pennsylvania has 700,000 Hispanics
6. National Hispanic History Month September 15 - October 15.
7. Economy -
Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic - $1 Billion annually from Tourism.
Dominican Republic has 70,000 hotel rooms ( more than any other Caribbean area).
Mexico - Labor force of 78 million.
Cuba - Over 100,000 barrels of petroleum products.
South America - Cash crops are cocoa bean, gold and silver, rubber and fruit and cattle.
8. Government -
Spain: Parliamentary Monarchy
Cuba: Communist State
Puerto Rico: US Controlled Democracy with Puerto Rican governor
Dominican Republic: Democracy
Mexico: Federal Republic, Constitutional Republic, Presidential System
Central Mexico: ALL
9. Education-
Authoritative school systems
Dress codes
Segregated gender classrooms
Physical classroom settings vary from different countries
Nonexistent parental involvement
Special Education & ESL programs are looked down upon
Students lower their eyes while communicating with elders
*Education transcends schooling.
10. Learning Styles -
Cooperative learning
Personalized rewards
Modeling
Informal class discussions
Concepts presented globally, rather than in detail
Explicit classroom rules
Personal interaction (hugs and pats)
Humanizing the curriculum using humor, fantasy or drama
Haitians
1. History - After growing into a stronger nation, Haiti was the most densely populated nation in the Western Hemisphere. Tourism was stopped here because of an AIDs epidemic. This caused a rise in unemployment because tourists stopped coming.
2. September 2004 - Hurricane Jeanne hit and killed over 2,400 people. After this, the government had no control over the country. August /September 2008, various storms and hurricanes killed 800 people. January 2010 - Haiti was hit with an extreme earthquake that killed 300,000 people. It affected over 3 million Haitians.
3. Family - Marriage is expected among elite and middle classes. Marriage can happen after a man and woman have their first child. Living on or near families land is expected.
4. Economy - Free market economy with many disadvantages such as poverty, corruption and poor access to education. Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere and over 80% of its population lie under the poverty line.
5. Immigration - Haitians have triumphed over incredible odds to reach the U.S. Parents make it to the U.S. and send money home for their children's education (though it is sometimes misused)
6. Government - Republic with elected government; after Earthquake, their Parliament collapsed and the United States mission was destroyed.
7. Education - Country with an adult literacy rate of 50%. School system deals with crowdedness, poor management, precarious physical conditions and little teacher training. After the earthquake, three million students' educations were either halted or disrupted.
8. Education - The government has implemented strategies and priorities in schools.
1. increasing enrollment of primary school children
2. improving quality
3. reducing the number of students in classrooms
9. Solutions - teacher salary support, teacher training, tuition vouchers, school feeding, 'safe school' construction and rehabilitation
10. Traditions and Customs -
- Voodoo: honoring the dead, healing the sick, asking for spiritual advice
- Carnival: involves parades, costumes, local music and dancing
- Rara: is considered a peasant carnival, musicians play vaskins and it refers to dance and music
- Hybrid Artistic traditions: paintings and sculptures feature naive styles and reflect Tainos culture. Bright cultures add humor to these paintings.
Muslims, Islams & Speakers of Arabic
1. Speak – Arabic, Hebrew and Aramaic
(Semetic – refers to people of the Middle East)
2. Government – Algeria - Presidential Republic
Malaysia – Republic Democratic
Egypt - Republicanism
3. Education: Schooling in Middle Eastern countries often reflect paternalistic authorities culture
4. Immigration: Roughly 2% of the entire population in the United States today is of Muslim descent.
5. Traditions & Customs – Same sex relationships are very close whereas opposite sex relationships are not permitted until young adulthood. Arabic people do not really enjoy being asked about their families or speaking about them.
6. Family life - Muslims do not participate in eating Pork or Pork derivatives. Pig means dirty in Muslims.
7. Five Pillars of Islam:
Faith in God and Muhammad
Prayer
Fasting in the month of Ramadan
Performing the trip to Mecca
Charity
8. Holidays – Eid Al Fitr : marks the end of the month long fasting during the Islamic month
9. Holidays - Eid Ul Adha : honors the sacrifice that Propher Abraham was willing to make for God. They slaughter and eat lambs.
10. Teaching – Middle Eastern students may feel alienated because of prejudice rituals. Students may stand closer to one another which might make non-Arabs feel uncomfortable.
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